Julius Caesar: Politically Correct or Politically Corrupt?

Julius Caesar: Politically Correct or Politically Corrupt? Morality: most commonly defined as a set of ideas developed in each individual’s head to decide whether something is wrong or right. On the smallest scale of moral code, being that of each individual, there are great variations. To someone who lives the life of a vegan, it is morally wrong to eat meat, dairy, or be involved with any products what-so-ever derived from an animal. On the other hand, to someone who does eat meat this is all perfectly okay. While this may not seem like a major moral conflict, it actually is because whether you agree or disagree with either of the two greatly affects your everyday life. If you take moral code to a larger scale, saying that of a whole society, there is a greater common trend of certain ideas. Under good morals: helping others, working hard, sharing, loyalty, and honesty. Under bad morals: stealing, lying, jealousy, hurting others, betrayal and revenge. Since moral ideals can differ from one person to the next, then logically they could change from each generation or time period to the next. So, how is the loss of morality within the political sphere of Julius Caesar to be judged? By today’s morals, or by those of its time period? Since no writer of today could possibly know what exactly was going through Shakespeare’s head at the time he wrote this play, then no one could possibly fully understand what was considered moral within this play or not. Ultimately, one such writer would be forced to use morals that are based within modern times. Within the play, Julius Caesar, the goal of the major political figures was deemed honorable by some but not by others thus causing a greater focus on their corrupt reasoning and the loss of morality within the political sphere of this play. Jealousy: the mental instability brought upon oneself by resentment or fear of another’s good fortune leading to unfaithfulness. By this definition, jealousy would be considered morally wrong. Cassius’s contribution to the loss of morality within the politics of this play is shown through his jealousy of Caesar. Cassius does not see Caesar as other people see him. Many others see Caesar as a great, strong, noble, and god-like leader. Cassius believes Caesar is no greater than him, much weaker, and far less noble and deserving of all the attention and respect that is given to him. Seeing Caesar as a man just like the other men of the senate, Cassius believes that more power and influence should be given to the others. He also believes that if Caesar were to become king, they would be stripped of what little power they do have. Cassius’ jealousy of Caesar’s greater reputation is shown especially when he says this in reference to Caesar, â€Å"Alas, it cried, ‘Give me some drink, Titinius,' as a sick girl. Ye gods! It doth amaze me a man of such a feeble temper should so get the start of the majestic world and bear the palm alone. † (Shakespeare, I, ii, 127-130) Cassius also expresses jealousy and resentment towards Caesar when he states, â€Å"Did I the tired Caesar- and this man is now become a god, and Cassius is a wretched creature, and must bend his body if Caesar carelessly but nod on him. (I, ii, 115-118) No political atmosphere can survive when there is such jealousy among its leaders. This morally corrupted mentality of ‘coveting thy neighbor’ is what leads to Cassius’ aid in planning and seeing through the plan of assassinating Julius Caesar. Disloyalty and betrayal: the violation of allegiance or trust. These are another couple characteristics that a re deemed immoral. Through these traits, Brutus aids in the loss of morality within the politics of this play. Unlike Cassius though, Brutus actually loves Caesar. This fact is blatantly obvious when Cassius questions him and Brutus responds in reference to Caesar, â€Å"I would not, Cassius; yet I love him well. † (I, ii, 88) Despite this love for his friend, Brutus still agrees to join the other conspirators and assassinate Caesar. What makes this betrayal so much worse, in addition to the fact that Brutus allows himself to be persuaded by others, is that he knows just how very wrong it is and still goes through with the plan. Right up to the very end there was a great part of Brutus with which this plan did not sit well. His love for Caesar is still evident as he becomes a nervous wreck and very worrisome prior to the assassination. On the night before the ides of March, in response to his wife, Portia, Brutus says,† You are my true and honourable wife, As dear to me as are the ruddy drops that visit my sad heart. † (II, i, 288-291) It’s obvious that Brutus can tell what he is doing is wrong, yet he still follows through. As justification to the people of Rome, Brutus states, â€Å"If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer-not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. † (III, ii, 17-19) Even though he gives a ‘for the greater good’ explanation, this does not make his morals any less corrupt. If the politicians can’t count on each other’s loyalty, then any and every sense of order within a government is going to fall apart. Revenge: to punish another for a wrong doing in a vindictive spirit. Yet another one of the more commonly deemed immoral personality traits. It was by this state of mind and his abuse of power that Marc Antony contributed the loss of morality within the political aspects of this play. Being a great admirer and friend of Caesar, Antony sought out revenge upon the conspirators after learning of the assassination. By making his eulogy more emotionally charged and getting the opportunity to speak after Brutus, Antony was able to uproot what his pier said and get the revenge he was seeking. Throughout his speech, Marc Antony described Caesar’s wounds in ways such as, â€Å"Look, in this place ran Cassius' dagger through. See what a rent the envious Casca made. Through this the well-beloved Brutus stabb’d. † (III, ii, 176-178) This inspired grief and anger within the Roman people that was then pointed directly at the conspirators. Until the end of the play, Antony is continuously seeking revenge and he does obtain the ultimate revenge when both of the conspirators, Brutus and Cassius, die. This strong desire for revenge is masked to look like justice for the assassination of a great leader, but is it really? In the end, there is no benefit. Yes, Caesar’s death has been avenged but all the great political minds that could have taken his place after his assassination have also been killed and the couple left have been even more corrupted after going through this whole ordeal. Now those who are in charge and not accustomed to such a position of power are morally corrupting the political sphere even more. For example, Marc Antony says, â€Å"He shall not live. Look, with a spot I damn him† (IV, i, 7). This is pretty much seen as tyranny which is what was trying to be avoided from the beginning. The fixation on the corruption of these great men within the plot shows the tragedy of lost morality in the political sphere of this play, Julius Caesar. Each character beginning the story a better person that how they finish. Starting out as a respectable political leader and ending up an exiled trader who eventually dies. Beginning as one of the more beloved friends, only to become a despised enemy that ultimately kills himself. Built up into a strong government then having it crumble into pieces. The only way any one person or system could sue come to such a low level after being so high is by being morally and inwardly corrupt.

Crime and Wheel Conspiracy

â€Å"Conspiracy is an agreement between or more persons to engaged jointly in an unlawful or criminal act, or an act that is innocent in itself but becomes unlawful when done by the combination of actors. † (Dictionary, 2013) There are three different types of conspiracy that can be present during a criminal situation. The first is called a Wheel Conspiracy, which involves one person as well as a group of people that participate in separate things that are considered illegal where a shared purpose is present between the people in the group. Legal, 2013) For example Rudy working for Ron who is one of the biggest bosses in charge of the drug cartel in Miami Florida was asked by Ron if he would confront one of his buyers for money that was owed to him and if the money was not present he was ordered to kill him. Rudy did what he was asked, because Rudy did this he was involved in a wheel conspiracy because he is technically considered the â€Å"middle-man†. He is the one that is doing the crime but there is an agreement between him and Ron who is in charge of the operation and he is protecting Ron by doing his dirty work. Another form of conspiracy is called â€Å"Chain Conspiracy†, this is most likely to involve some type of drug transaction and there is a series of people that are involved. (APSU, 2010) For example Eric meets with the distributor Jack to pack up a pound of cocaine and meets with John and Ed to transport it to Ron that has made an agreement with the distributor for it to e sent. If they are caught during this process this would considered a chain conspiracy because you have the distributor that is involved, the person that is packing it and the people that are transporting it all involved in this crime. Another is called â€Å"Combination Conspiracy† † occurs when the hub has very few organizers with multiple objectives and the chains vary substantially in length. † (Flax, 2005) For example th e gang MSU which is located in many areas of the United States have committed many murders. A local gang member is taken into custody because there were six dead bodies found in NYC. The investigations could not prove as to whole exactly was responsible for these crimes we just knew that MSU was responsible for the crime. This is considered a combination conspiracy because there are too many gang members that are involved and there is no clues or hints that are leading to the leaders of the gang.

Americas Next Top Model Show in Light of Power Dynamics Essay

Americas Next Top Model Show in Light of Power Dynamics - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is America’s Next Top Model (ANTM) as a big brother show in which successful women applicants come together to compete for America’s Next Top Model title. This show is meant to give the women a chance to start a modeling career. The show is hosted by a female professional and model by the name Tyra Banks. It is rated as one of the biggest television shows in the world. The show is professionally constructed with episodes ranging from nine to eighteen. In all the seasons, there are about ten to twenty five female participants who vie for the adorable title. Each episode is structured in a way that one of the participants considered weak is eliminated by a panel of judges, Tyra Banks being part. The shows also provides a makeover in the earlier part of the show where the participants who are considered weak is put on probation and the audience is allowed to vote to save their preferred contestant. During the show, contestants undergo vig orous training in line with the theme of the particular week. This is meant to coach the girls and teach them various aspects related to the modeling career including press interviewing skills, sales skills, and cat walking. This is followed by photo shooting of the contestants who are given dresses that barely cover the bodies; the girls are actually semi-nude as they pose. From the photos shot, the judges make a decision and the female contestants with the lowest marks are eliminated or put on probation for a makeover. Other events featured in the show include in-depth assessment of personality traits and general knowledge. Each of the episodes ends with the ruling by a panel of judges who are experts in the fashion industry, regular judges of the show. A special guest judge is also usually called upon to assist in making a judgment. This involves posing challenging questions on modeling and fashion to the contestants, and their video photos are displayed and analyzed by the panel ists. The contestants are often asked to leave the room to give the panelists a chance to deliberate on their decisions and make the rulings. The female contestants are then called upon to the show room and face their fate; the successful ones remain in the show while those who score low are put on probation or sent packing (Kowalski 47). In view of the above, it is beyond doubt that the show is, therefore, professionally structured in a way that real women contestants are put into unreal events in order to create a story. Criticism of the Reality Shows Most of the reality shows run for a bout thirty to sixty minutes, a constant duration. If the show could be real then the events would run for an unidentified period. This shows that there are some incidences behind the scene that the audience is not able to know. It also brings out an element of editing of the events behind the scene to enable the program run within the stipulated period. It also shows that the story being told is n ot real but is subject to a lot of editing and manipulation of the contestants or participants. The editors, therefore, become the storytellers and take the positions of the contestants by altering the sequence of events that actually happened behind the scenes. Meanwhile, the audience

The Old English Language Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Old English Language - Research Paper Example Sandwich, for demonstration, is spoken as "samwich". "D" is omitted and "N" becomes "m", and it makes simpler to pronounce. (Gardiner A 2003) Earlier than the Anglo-Saxons invaded, is the Language voiced in the British Isles were Celtic Jutes and Angles Saxons in the UK population their tribes were at conflict with the indigenous persons and shoved them back to the West and North to what is now Scotland and Wales. (Crystal D 1998) The initial Celtic Language still exists as Gaelic, Welsh, Breton and the Isle of Man. This is a new locality became the ground of the Anglo-Saxon or Angle-land ". The Language was alike to Modern Frisian. Old English three dialects: About 850, the Vikings invaded and leveraged by the Language of numerous North German phrases in their Language of Old Norse. The Language utilized in this time span (500-1100) called Old English. Christian missionaries presented the literacy and Language soaked up numerous Latin phrases, particularly phrases attached with the church. Old English Language was initially in writing in runic alphabet called Runic alphabet. It occurred out of 24 Runes Elder Futhark. It was in writing level in any direction. Similarly, the phrase alphabet is entitled after the Greek phrase alpha + beta. Many of the notes in the runic alphabet apparently resemble the Modern matching of (B, R, F, T, P and M). Graddol D et al, (2001) Middle English time span, it is tough to determine. The Normans invaded in 1066 and their leverage of the French Language to English, but not immediately. Middle English is said to start round 1150. When the Normans conquered England, French became the Language of power. French-speaking barons, abbots and bishops were in location in the name function in England. There was a tributary of French merchants and craftsmen who have traversed the boundary to take benefit of enterprise opportunities.

Management Information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Information - Essay Example In this scenario management of corporation has decided to implement a new technology based structure and platform that would have the capability to effectively manage and control all the business operations. This report outlines the new information system (IS) strategy for the Golden Fleece Hotel. In addition, this report will offer an analysis of the key aspects of information system strategy and how it will increase revenue for the organization. The business of Golden Fleece Corporation involves the management of hotel. This business was established in 1999 and now became a large size organization. In potential advancements of the business there are some business problems. Golden Fleece hotel is based on 100-Â ­room resort hotel located in South Yorkshire. In addition, Golden Fleece hotel is mainly aimed at targeting the business people and travellers. In this scenario the business owner ‘Hugh Johnson’ wants to offer its customers unique hotel experience and enjoyment facilities. However, in potential enhancement in the business of the Golden Fleece there are some problems regarding management of business operations and tasks, for instance, effective management of the business, customer and resources data handling. However, by seeing the potential enhancements in the field of information technology the management of Golden Fleece has decided to implement and incorporate new technology to manage the business op erations. This report onward will present some of main aspects regarding development of the new information strategy (IS) strategy for the Golden Fleece Hotel. The business of Golden Fleece Hotels flourished really much in beginning years however as the business enhanced its traditional business structure was not capable to handle the business operations. Additionally, the business also faced some economic down term. Thus, the Golden Fleece’s occupancy rate had begun to fall. The main

Campaign finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Campaign finance - Essay Example Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney, forty-sixth vice president of the United States, has over three decades of experience in political service. Formerly a US representative and secretary of state, many saw Cheney as the ideal running mate for the relatively inexperienced George W. Bush in the 2000 presidential election.Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska on January 30, 1941, the son of Marjorie and Richard H. Cheney. He was raised in Casper, Wyoming, where the elder Cheney worked as a soil conservationist for the Department of Agriculture.After graduating from a local high school, Cheney earned a scholarship and traveled east to attend Yale University in Connecticut. He dropped out of school during his second year, due to his poor academic performance, and returned to Wyoming. Cheney went to work for a brief time before returning to school, first at Casper College and later at the University of Wyoming. In 1964, he married his high-school sweetheart, Lynn Anne Vincent. Cheney finally gradu ated two years later with a master's degree in political science.After graduation, Cheney received an educational deferment to avoid military service during the Vietnam War. He enrolled in a doctoral program at the University of Wisconsin, and launched his long political career in 1968, when he went to Washington DC to work for Representative William Steiger (R-Wisconsin) as a congressional fellow. Cheney was soon recruited by Representative Donald Rumsfeld, the head of President Richard Nixon's Office of Economic Opportunity, to work as his assistant. (Carney 82) Throughout the early 1970s, Cheney held a number of positions alongside Rumsfeld, who had become a mentor to the young political hopeful. He served as deputy White House counsel, assistant director of the Cost of Living Council, and deputy chief of staff for President Gerald Ford. To supplement his income, Cheney also served as vice president of investment group Bradley, Woods, & Co. Cheney's biggest break came in 1975, when he replaced his mentor as White House chief of staff after Rumsfeld was appointed as secretary of defense. At the age of 34, Cheney was among the youngest men ever to hold this position, which he held until 1976. During this time, he earned a reputation as a prominent player in the Republican Party. Washington Insider Beginning in 1979, Cheney served six terms in the House of Representatives, as a representative from Wyoming. Before his election to the House, he suffered a heart attack, the first of three coronary episodes he would endure before the age of 50. As chairman of the Republican House Policy Committee for most of his tenure, Cheney was known as a conservative, and voted strictly along party lines. When Republican Ronald Reagan became president in 1981, Cheney and his right-wing House colleagues were steadfast supporters of the new White House agenda. In addition to his vocal support for the "Star Wars" missile defense system, Cheney was in favor of military backing for the "Contra" rebels in Nicaragua, as well as for rebel fighters in Afghanistan and Angola. In the late 1980s, when he sat on the House Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Deals with Iran during the Iran-Contra scandal, Cheney defended the controversial actions of the Reagan administration and his fellow Republicans. On the domestic issue front, Cheney was opposed to gun control and abortion and in favor of prayer in public schools. He voted against the Equal Rights Amendment and re-funding the Clean Water Act. As a result of his loyalty to the party, Cheney became minority whip, the second-most influential position in the House, in 1988. His wife, meanwhile, served as the chairperson of the National Endowment for the Humanities from 1986-1993. Under Reagan's successor, George Bush, Cheney served as secretary of defense, and played a key role in directing the nation's military during the 1991 Persian Gulf War. The popular success of the

Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project - Essay Example Antibiotics use in United States meats is prevalent and this has raised serious health concerns (WGBH Educational Foundation para 1). There is a prevalent about the way the country’s meat is raised today, particularly in regard to the frequent use of antibiotics to keep livestock disease-free in feedlots. Also, antibiotics use in United States meats is used to help livestock grow faster. In order to understand this issue, this paper will investigate the issue and provide analysis of the situation. A federal study by the Federal and Drug Administration in February, 2013 found out that over half of samples of pork chops, ground beef, and ground turkey tested positive for anti-biotic-resistant bacteria strains and therefore adding to the fears that heavy use of antibiotics in livestock is leading to superbugs. The FDA tested 480 samples of these products all collected from United States supermarkets in 2011. These findings confirmed the recent discoveries about antibiotic use in livestock (Valentine para 3). The meat industry in the United States consumes about 80 percent of antibiotics used in the country. This amount is over four times of the amount of antibiotics used by sick Americans. ... The use of antibiotics in livestock is getting out of hands as more and more antibiotics is used in poultry and meat production. It is estimated that about 30 million pounds of antibiotics were sold for poultry and meat production in 2011, compared to about 8 million pounds sold for human use. The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) reported in the Retail Meat Annual Report that antibiotic-resistance bacteria were found in some 39% of chicken, 55% of ground beef, and 69% of pork chops (Christensen para 2). It has also been found out that antibiotics are fed to sick animals and this is completely appropriate. However, antibiotics are put in their feed and water in order to help them compensate for unhygienic conditions and to grow faster (Christensen para 7). This situation is of great health concern because the non-judicious use for feed efficiency and growth promotion poses great public health risks. Antibiotics use in livestock is critically important for tr eatment, control, and prevention of diseases in livestock and not for other purposes. As such, medically important microbial drugs should only be restricted to situations necessary for ensuring animal health and should only be used under supervision of veterinary professionals. It is clear that available and credible data that antibiotic use in the meat industry is on the increase and has hugely overtaken the usage by humans for medical purposes. While it is important to keep livestock healthy, it is more important to ensure humans are healthy. However, it is of grave concern that the meat industry is churning out meat products that are

Korea impacted by cold war, changes of the country 1991-2014 Assignment

Korea impacted by cold war, changes of the country 1991-2014 - Assignment Example In terms of economics, the greatest change was that South Korea came to integrate with the global economy to a more full and complete degree. As a result of the continual threat of invasion and the protective shield the United States provided, South Korean markets were almost entirely restricted to US export. Although this was not based on extant treaty obligations, it is clear and apparent that the United States sought to defray the massive cost of having a military presence in South Korea by essentially creating a captive market for American products and a captive market for most exports (Ginsberg, 2014). Societal changes that have taken place within Korea are mainly contingent on the societal changes that globalization has provided over the past several decades. Essentially, recognition of the fact that Korean culture is unique but not the only means by which social norms should be constructed has come to play a primary role with respect to the way in which individuals live their lives, order their families, and seek to deport themselves (Dong-Hoon & Jungmin, 2014). Changes to expectations of morality and other issues pertaining to the way in which the average Korean lives their lives have also fundamentally changed as a result of the fact that after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War there has been a much lower focus on the need for upholding existing tradition. Whereas this is not to say that tradition does not play a valuable role in the life of the average Korean, its prominence now as compared to 20-30 years ago is most demonstrably diminished. Of all of the changes that have been effected, the area of gender roles are likely the most recognizable shift that has taken place since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. With the impact of globalization and western norms that flooded South Korea as a result of this geo-political shift and the increased

Economic Arguments for Further Enlargement of the EU Essay

Economic Arguments for Further Enlargement of the EU - Essay Example It is important to give a clarification of the above-mentioned phrase ‘further enlargement of the EU’ before I embark on the economic arguments about this move. Further enlargement of the European Union means the introduction of more new members in the union, a process that is well stipulated by the EU policies. The number of countries willing to join the European Union has been rapidly increasing since the 1990s with the most recent members to join the block being Croatia. The European Union has a very concise and clear policy that stipulates the requirements that a country applying for membership has to meet. This policy also referred to as the Union’s acquis communautaire and contains rules and regulations that applicants must follow with the main aim of the policy being to prevent rise of any conflict in the future. The countries have also to meet the criterion that was introduced in Copenhagen fully. The Copenhagen criterion was introduced primarily to cover political and economic aspects of the candidates or what scholars refer to as ‘democratic credentials and economic competitiveness’.   Deepening of the economy of the European Union is among the economic arguments that are highly outlined by economic experts. This is a call for an integration of the economy of the member states commonly termed as ‘having the Full Economic Union’. This would lead to a common market and an entire unification of the current fiscal and monetary policies.

The Art of Jepanese Buddhist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Art of Jepanese Buddhist - Essay Example â€Å"Buddhist art originated from Indian subcontinents, with contact from other cultures all over Asia and passage of time. The art spread rapidly to other parts of Asia and into Japan† (Kim 267). We are going to use images of Buddha from the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art in our university. This paper aims at explaining the introduction of Buddhist art and development that come along as a result of Buddhism in Japan. As said above, Buddhist art owes its origin to the Indian subcontinent, the Buddhist religion and art thought to have come from China into Japan through the Korean peninsula. The Buddhist art encouraged by prince Shotoku and emperor Shomu in Seiko (6th century). This period also known as Nara period and was during the eighth century. This period in conjunction with Heian and Kamakura saw Buddhist art grow to a great extent. Several ceremonies accompanied this period, Nara, one of the most famous eye opening ceremony performed by the Japanese, at that time always accompanied by a sumptuous vegetarian banquet during the fourth of 752 for the Birushana. This ceremony is commonly known as â€Å"Great Buddha† of Todai-ji. These ceremonies get conducted in front of an icon with flowers, incense and candles. As long as the eye opening ceremony had not been performed on the carved woods, these icons got regarded as inanimate wooden substances or plants; Heian period then followed. During the early stages of Heian period, architecture and Buddhist art significantly influenced the traditional Shinto arts and Hindu art. This resulted into Buddhist painting becoming fashionable especially among the affluent Japanese. Kamakura period saw to the blossoming of the country’s Buddhist sculpture which owes its origin greatly to the works of Heian period. Buddhist art seems diverse, bold and creative. The period after 13th century saw a changeover to Zen art from orthodox Buddhist art (Joseph 652). This philosophy introduced into the country vi a Dogen and Eisai on the return journey from China. Hosts of several unique pottery and paintings showing their desire to unravel the true meaning of life can still be found belonging to that time. Art forms like martial arts and Ikebana also came up during that period. The Amida sect of the religion availed the foundation for many famous artworks. Buddhist arts gained popularity among several citizens as they fell in love with the scroll paintings, paintings of Buddhas, paintings applied in worship, hell and other religious themes. While under the Zen, sect portraitures of holy priests such as Bodhi dharma also gained popularity in addition to Sumi-e brush painting and scroll calligraphy. The popularity of Buddhist arts led to an increase in the number of Buddhist’s Temples to about 80,000 Temples in Japan, majority of these Buddhist’s Temples being made from wood. This compelled the Buddhists to carry out massive restoration in order to preserve the holy Temples. The arrival of Buddhism into Japan played a significant role in the Buddhist art, â€Å"its introduction from a Korean kingdom known as Paekche† (Charles 232) as part of a series of diplomatic exchanges that perpetuated into a wider awareness of the material cultures and beliefs of Korea and China. Further cultural exchanges during the 6th and 7th centuries brought not only a writing system (using Chinese characters), but also a religion; consequently, this led to a highly refined material culture and a sophisticated

Carnivals of the Animals Essay Example for Free

Carnivals of the Animals Essay 1. The reason why the work was written: Camille Saint-Saens wrote the ‘Carnival of the Animals’ while he was on holiday as a light hearted musical joke. It was originally planned for the students of Sain-Saens at the music school where he taught piano, Ecole Niedermeyer but he had little time to compose. The work was subtitled â€Å"Grand Zoological Fantasy† and it became Saint-Saens intent to perform it as a surprise at the annual Mardi Gras concert of cellist Charles Lebouc in Paris in February 1886. 2. Saint Saens’ opinion of the work: The first performance of ‘Carnival of the animals’ was on March the 9th, 1886, peformed by pianists, Saint-Saens and Diemer. Composer and pianist. The work was requested by Franz Liszt to be played again. After the second performance, Saint-Saens refused to allow any more public performances of ‘Carnival of the Animals’ as he highly feared that it would ruin his reputation as a serious composer. His work then remained unpublished except ‘The swan’, publicized in 1887. His will read: â€Å"I expressively forbid the publication of any unpublished work, with the expectation of ‘The carnival of the animals’, which may be issued by my usual publishers, the gentlemen Durand and Cie†. After his death in 1921 the full score was published in 1922. Saint Saens composed the work as a musical joke, he thought that if it was published it would ruin his reputation as a serious composer so he did not have it published until after his death (apart from the publication of ‘The Swan’). 3. Romantic Influences that can be identified in the Carnival of the Animals: Saint-Saens used several different concepts to create a romantic aura about the music. ‘Carnival of the animals’ has a distinct song-like melodic line, this has been achieved by combining the fluctuating dynamics and the chromatic chords. Also, Saint-Saens designed his work using robato so the player must feel the music and storyline himself. Saint-Saens created his work for the piano and orchestra just after it was invented. The piano was another romantic influence because it had just recently been invented and it was a very sought after and expensive instrument. 4.My ideas and opinions as to why the work remains a popular significant work: I believe that the work remains this way because the way it was written made it very unique and it also told a story; these things are factors in why it has remained a popular piece for so many years. ‘Carnival of the animals’ shows how to feelings and emotions of something/someone via. music. Another reason was that Saint-Saens was a very famous and talented artist â€Å"a virtuoso pianist of the highest order† so most of the work he did was popular, the fact that it has remained popular for so long is because the work was very different from any other and Saint-Saens correlated humour into it.

Grid Iron Gang Essay Example for Free

Grid Iron Gang Essay 1. Clearly identify the movie watched. The movie I decided to watch for this project was Gridiron Gang. 2. What stereotypes or assumptions are made about the ethnic or cultural group? That they are criminals might be juvenile delinquents, uneducated, thugs or gang members and that they are trouble makers. 3. What is/are the identified issues of one of the many characteristics? Discuss at least two. Roger weathers was one of the main characters that the movie started out with. One issue was that he had to much time to be on the streets. Obviously he did because the movie started out with him being in the juvenile detention center. With all this time it allowed him to be out wondering the streets committing crime but also mix with the wrong people. The second issue was that he was a known gang member. Once he was released, he went right back to that same lifestyle and ran into some friends that were in trouble and he got killed. 4. Discuss at least one theory of delinquency and how it might apply to one or more of the characters in the film? In the book there are psychological theories. Psychoanalytic approach is a theory is composed as a structure with three parts, the id, ego and super ego. The id is the part of one’s personality that is comprised of unconscious biological and psychological desires and instincts. The ego is the part of one’s personality that represents the identity of the actual behavior. Finally, the superego is the part of one’s personality that represents the conscience and moral character of the individual. If the id is stronger than the superego, delinquency is more likely to occur. I think that this theory applies to Kenny bates in the film because he stole a car. I don’t think he needed the car, he just wanted it. Also I think it applies to bug wendal because he robbed an old woman for her money. 5. What are some of the risk and protective factors you can identify for one or more of the characters in the film? For Roger weathers some risk factors I could come up with are: low involvement in the four key areas, gun possession, chronic truancy, police trouble and gang membership. I could not think of any protective factors for him. For Willie weathers some risk factors I came up with were: low involvement in the four key areas, violence and aggression, gun possession and gang membership. I could not think of any protective factors for him as well. I couldn’t think of any protective factors for either of the characters because we get to see the home life of Willie and it doesn’t seem to be so much of a happy home. The mother seems to get beaten by her boyfriend and Willie seems as if he has all the free time to run around in a not so good neighborhood. As for roger, I’m just guessing it’s the same lifestyle for him since he also participated in a gang and in criminal activity. 6. Did the movie give you hope or inspiration? Or did you feel sad and depressed? Why and how? The movie gave me hope and inspiration. I felt good about the outcome of it. It ended happy and the juveniles all played the football game with all their heart. It’s because in the beginning they didn’t seem to work well together, getting in fights and not playing as a team. Throughout the movie they kept getting closer and closer and playing better together and when they really needed to they pulled it through in the end and won that game. It made me look at them different even though they it’s not real life.. The stragedies and whole thought of the delinquents coming together and accomplishing something they all wanted in custody, was a wonderful thing.

Advantages and Limitations of Neural Networks

Advantages and Limitations of Neural Networks There are many advantages and limitations to neural network analysis and to discuss this subject properly we would have to look at each individual type of network, which isnt necessary for this general discussion. In reference to backpropagational networks however, there are some specific issues potential users should be aware of. Backpropagational neural networks (and many other types of networks) are in a sense the ultimate black boxes. Apart from defining the general archetecture of a network and perhaps initially seeding it with a random numbers, the user has no other role than to feed it input and watch it train and await the output. In fact, it has been said that with backpropagation, you almost dont know what youre doing. Some software freely available software packages (NevProp, bp, Mactivation) do allow the user to sample the networks progress at regular time intervals, but the learning itself progresses on its own. The final product of this activity is a trained network that provides no equations or coefficients defining a relationship (as in regression) beyond its own internal mathematics. The network IS the final equation of the relationship. Backpropagational networks also tend to be slower to train than other types of networks and sometimes require thousands of epochs. If run on a truly parallel computer system this issue is not really a problem, but if the BPNN is being simulated on a standard serial machine (i.e. a single SPARC, Mac or PC) training can take some time. This is because the machines CPU must compute the function of each node and connection separately, which can be problematic in very large networks with a large amount of data. However, the speed of most current machines is such that this is typically not much of an issue. The advantage of neural networks over conventional programming lies on their ability to solve problems that do not have an algorithmic solution or the available solution is too complex to be found. Neural networks are well suited to tackle problems that people are good at solving, like prediction and pattern recognition (Keller). Neural networks have been applied within the medical domain for clinical diagnosis (Baxt:95), image analysis and interpretation (Miller:92, Miller:93), signal analysis and interpretation, and drug development (Weinstein:92). The classification of the applications presented below is simplified, since most of the examples lie in more than one category (e.g. diagnosis and image interpretation; diagnosis and signal interpretation). Depending on the nature of the application and the strength of the internal data patterns you can generally expect a network to train quite well. This applies to problems where the relationships may be quite dynamic or non-linear. ANN s provide an analytical alternative to conventional techniques which are often limited by strict assumptions of normality, linearity, variable independence etc. Because an ANN can capture many kinds of relationships it allows the user to quickly and relatively easily model phenomena which otherwise may have been very difficult or imposible to explain otherwise. Future Enhancements Because gazing into the future is somewhat like gazing into a crystal ball, so it is better to quote some predictions. Each prediction rests on some sort of evidence or established trend which, with extrapolation, clearly takes us into a new realm. Prediction 1: Neural Networks will fascinate user-specific systems for education, information processing, and entertainment. Alternative ralities, produced by comprehensive environments, are attractive in terms of their potential for systems control, education, and entertainment. This is not just a far-out research trend, but is something which is becoming an increasing part of our daily existence, as witnessed by the growing interest in comprehensive entertainment centers in each home. This programming would require feedback from the user in order to be effective but simple and passive sensors (e.g fingertip sensors, gloves, or wristbands to sense pulse, blood pressure, skin ionisation, and so on), could provide effective feedback into a neural control system. This could be achieved, for example, with sensors that would detect pulse, blood pressure, skin ionisation, and other variables which the system could learn to correlate with a persons response state. Prediction 2: Neural networks, integrated with other artificial intelligence technologies, methods for direct culture of nervous tissue, and other exotic technologies such as genetic engineering, will allow us to develop radical and exotic life-forms whether man, machine, or hybrid. Prediction 3: Neural networks will allow us to explore new realms of human capability realms previously available only with extensive training and personal discipline. So a specific state of consciously induced neurophysiologically observable awareness is necessary in order to facilitate a man machine system interface. Recommendations The major issues of concern today are the scalability problem, testing, verification, and integration of neural network systems into the modern environment. Neural network programs sometimes become unstable when applied to larger problems. The defence, nuclear and space industries are concerned about the issue of testing and verification. The mathematical theories used to guarantee the performance of an applied neural network are still under development. The solution for the time being may be to train and test these intelligent systems much as we do for humans. Also there are some more practical problems like: the operational problem encountered when attempting to simulate the parallelism of neural networks. Since the majority of neural networks are simulated on sequential machines, giving rise to a very rapid increase in processing time requirements as size of the problem expands. Solution: implement neural networks directly in hardware, but these need a lot of development still. ÂÂ ¢ instability to explain any results that they obtain. Networks function as black boxes whose rules of operation are completely unknown. There are many advantages and limitations to neural network analysis and to discuss this subject properly we would have to look at each individual type of network, which isnt necessary for this general discussion. In reference to backpropagational networks however, there are some specific issues potential users should be aware of. ÂÂ ¢ Backpropagational neural networks (and many other types of networks) are in a sense the ultimate black boxes. Apart from defining the general archetecture of a network and perhaps initially seeding it with a random numbers, the user has no other role than to feed it input and watch it train and await the output. In fact, it has been said that with backpropagation, you almost dont know what youre doing. Some software freely available software packages (NevProp, bp, Mactivation) do allow the user to sample the networks progress at regular time intervals, but the learning itself progresses on its own. The final product of this activity is a trained network that provides no equations or coefficients defining a relationship (as in regression) beyond its own internal mathematics. The network IS the final equation of the relationship. ÂÂ ¢ Backpropagational networks also tend to be slower to train than other types of networks and sometimes require thousands of epochs. If run on a truly parallel computer system this issue is not really a problem, but if the BPNN is being simulated on a standard serial machine (i.e. a single SPARC, Mac or PC) training can take some time. This is because the machines CPU must compute the function of each node and connection separately, which can be problematic in very large networks with a large amount of data. However, the speed of most current machines is such that this is typically not much of an issue. Conclusion In this paper, we have presented a system for recognizing handwritten English characters. An experimental result shows that backpropagation network yields good recognition accuracy of 85%. We have demonstrated the application of MLP network to the handwritten character recognition problem. The skeletonized and normalized binary pixels of these characters were used as the inputs of the MLP network. In our further research work, we would like to improve the recognition accuracy of network for character recognition by using more training samples written by one person and by using a good feature extraction system. The training time may be reduced by using a good feature extraction technique and instead of using global input, we may use the feature input along with other neural network classifier. The computing world has a lot to gain from neural networks. Their ability to learn by example makes them very flexible and powerful. Furthermore there is no need to devise an algorithm in order to perform a specific task; i.e. there is no need to understand the internal mechanisms of that task. They are also very well suited for real time systems because of their fast response and computational times which are due to their parallel architecture. Neural networks also contribute to other areas of research such as neurology and psychology. They are regularly used to model parts of living organisms and to investigate the internal mechanisms of the brain. Perhaps the most exciting aspect of neural networks is the possibility that some day conscious networks might be produced. There are a number of scientists arguing that consciousness is a mechanical property and that conscious neural networks are a realistic possibility. Finally, I would like to state that even though neural networks have a huge potential we will only get the best of them when they are integrated with computing, AI, fuzzy logic and related subjects

The Anxiety of Anti-Anxiety Medications Essay -- Biology Essays Resear

The Anxiety of Anti-Anxiety Medications 19 million Americans (approximately one in eight) aged 18-54 suffer from anxiety disorders. (1) When I heard this statistic, I realized how important the discussion of such disorders was to the sciences. 1/8th of the most productive portion of the US population suffers from an anxiety disorder. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), a division of the Institutes of Health for the Federal Government, is committed to research causes and treatment of such disorders. (2) Progress has been made, comparing studies of animals to studies of humans, in pinpointing the specific areas of the brain. Anxiety is associated with fear- fear of a specific object or situation, generalized fear and worry, recurring fearful memories, etc. The NIMH has found that a specific portion of the brain, the amygdala, controls the body's automatic response to fear. When the brain is confronted with fear, the brain takes two course of action. One, the brain transmits information to the cerebral cortex (the thinking part of the brain) to inform it of what specifically is endangering the individual. Second, the brain transmits to the amygdala the same information, so that the body might prepare for action. Beyond this information, not much is known regarding the causes or mechanics of anxiety. Granted, understanding which portions of the brain are affected by or control anxiety is an important step. However, not much conclusive evidence or useful conclusions have been reached regarding anxiety. With this information in mind, I began thinking of my personal experiences with anxiety. On one occasion I went to the emergency room, expressing the inability to breathe and dizziness. It was concluded that I ... ... the brain, assuming the medications directly treat anxiety. It is a process of elimination of sorts- it is one step in the scientific process of discovery. Thus, perhaps the prescribing of such medications will facilitate researchers. However, I think the scientific community ought to bear in mind the potential dangers of this method before applicating its results directly to patients. References 1) National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/anxresfact.cfm 2) National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/anxresfact.cfm 3) Neuropsychology and medical psychology medical resources http://www.driesen.com/index.html 4) Neuropsychology and medical psychology medical resources http://www.driesen.com/ssris.htm 5) PDR Health http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/ata1035.shtml

Himmler?s Reign of Terror and Ingenious :: essays research papers

One man’s sick mind led to the extermination of an entire generation of people. These ideas came at the worst possible time, during World War II. The ideas were horrific and evil and today they would be viewed as satanic but at the time they were thought to be glorious and wonderful. This gave Hienrich Himmler a place as one of the most devious persons ever. Himmler went to grade school at the Cathedral where he was an excellent student. It was during this time that Himmler became interested in Germany’s history and war (Shrirer 130-131). After he finished grade school he went to Technical High school. He once again resumed the role of a good student. At this time Himmler felt he had no rules or discipline so he dropped out of high school and enlisted in the Army. While in the Army Himmler got special tutoring to finish high school (Shrirer 137-138). Himmler attended a small college outside of Munich. While there he did not fit in very well and did poorly in his studies. After a short time Himmler left college and rejoined the military (Stewart 97). Himmler joined a paramilitary unit outside of Bayer-Munich. He was in a class of 200 and was the best soldier. His commanding officer said, â€Å"He’s the best natural soldier I’ve ever seen† (Goralski 103-104). Himmler did not do much in World War I. He was rumored to have killed Gihi Rhambal. People are not one hundred percent sure if he did, but many believed it was he (Jarmon 132). During this time he was mainly taking care of his family. He married a lady Miller 2 named Marga Stoenbauer. Himmler also had a daughter named Gudren. Gudren was Himmler’s daughter but not Marga’s. He had Gudren with a mistress. The mistress left the baby with Himmler right after she was born and she was never heard from again (Bauer 84-85). Shortly after World War II broke out, Himmler was chosen for a special assignment. He received the assignment because he was probably the best soldier in the German Army. He was appointed the head of the Gestapo, the most feared people in Germany. The Gestapo was formed in 1933 and the massive killings began in 1934 (Rogaski 187-188). Himmler and his men dressed in all black, so that people would recognize and respect them (Stewart 131). Himmler was respected for two main reasons. The first was that many people thought he was next in command to Hitler. People figured that they probably should not get involved with the boss. The other reason people liked Himmler was that Hitler liked him and if he found out anyone was saying anything about him that

To Kill a Mocking Bird - Maturation Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Growing Together† The way and rate that people mature at can be directly attributed to the values and beliefs of the society that surrounds an individual. It is undeniable that society’s perspective on many controversial issues will generally be adopted by the younger generations in a given society. Moreover, the exposure to significant events, coupled with the major influence of family members, can have an enormous impact on how an individual matures. Additionally, family members greatly help each other develop into moral adults by instilling in each other values that will ultimately determine an individual’s character. In Harper Lee’s timeless classic, To Kill a Mockingbird, the constant reiteration of Atticus Finch’s values, in conjunction with the exposure to significant events, assist in Jem and Scout’s maturation into virtuous adolescents. Throughout the novel, Atticus’ assistance to Jem and Scout’s development becomes evident. Atticus takes every opportunity to attempt to teach his children the importance of having an open-mind. For instance, when Scout queries Atticus about Maycomb’s prejudice perspective, he tells her, â€Å"You never really understand a person until†¦you climb in their skin and walk around in it.† (Lee 30) Even during the early stages of the novel, it is apparent that Atticus endeavors to instill the values of empathy and tolerance within Jem and Scout by teaching them how to have multiple perspectives on a situation. In addition, Atticus also attempts to enlighten his children about peaceful resolution in society. For example, when Atticus is chosen to defend Tom Robinson, Atticus tells Scout, you might hear some ugly talk about it at school but†¦you just hold your head high and keep those fists down.†... ...heme of maturation in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, is conveyed through the characters of Scout and Jem, in conjunction with the assistance of their virtuous father Atticus Finch. Early in the novel, Atticus ascertains himself as a major facilitator in the maturation process of Scout and Jem by incessantly providing mature solutions to his children’s predicaments. Moreover, Scout, a major benefactor of the Boo Radley incident and Atticus’ wisdom, has helped her develop into a very tolerant and mature individual. Undeniably, Jem’s remarkable development into a broadminded and compassionate character can be directly attributed to Atticus’ kindness and Jem’s exposure to the Tom Robinson trial. In synopsis, it is evident that the individuals and social circumstances that surround an individual play a major role in defining the type of individual one will become.

Analysing The Baby Bonus Scheme Health And Social Care Essay

For the past few old ages, aging population has been the chief concern faced by several developed states. British Columbia is one state that faced an aging population. Much research was conducted in this state to work out the job and it was revealed that the chief cause of this state of affairs is the worsening of birthrate rate over decennaries [ 1 ] . Entire Fertility Rate ( TFR ) is defined as the figure of kids an mean adult female would hold presuming that she lives her full generative life-time [ 2 ] . Considered as a developed state, Singapore has besides faced a serious job of worsening TFR. With TFR of 1.16 in 2010 [ 3 ] , Singapore is ranked hundred-and-seventieth [ 4 ] in the universe and arguably one of the lowest TFR in the universe. Singapore authorities has implemented some policies to promote Singaporean to hold more kids, and hence increase the TFR. The latest and most comprehensive policy to this terminal is the babe fillip strategy. A group of research workers from Melbourne Institution of Applied Economics and Social Research investigated the consequence of babe fillip towards TFR. Based on their theoretical account ; baby fillip exerted a little positive consequence on birthrate purpose which leaded to a positive impact on birthrate rate. The consequence seemed to be stronger for 2nd and perchance higher-order numbered kids. In add-on, the consequence showed that fillip consequence is lasting [ 5 ] . However this survey could non find that the consequence would be similar in local context, Singapore. Since there is no formal research particular on look intoing TFR and pamper fillip strategy, our research will concentrate chiefly on look intoing the effectivity of babe fillip on TFR and position of the immature coevals with respects to this strategy. We regard a policy is effectual when it is able to change by reversal the current diminishing tendency of TFR. We will besides look into the most of import factor that peoples consider with respects to be aftering for kids. Suggestions that will function to better the effectivity of this policy will be given every bit good. The expected consequence for our analysis is that babe fillip is less effectual in increasing Singaporeis TFR. Other factors such as the psychological-thinking and societal factors which may impact TFR will non be included in our survey. To do our research clearer and all-rounded, we introduce two subdivisions under debut, which describe the worsening tendency of TFR from 1990 to 2000 and reexamine the factors that affect TFR. The treatment of this paper will be separated into two chief parts, which are the method subdivision and consequences and treatment subdivision. The first portion will concentrate on explicating our study method and stuffs that we obtained from authorities records. Under the consequence subdivision, we will discourse our analysis utilizing primary and secondary informations. The treatment focuses on effectivity of baby fillip policy in Singapore. Finally in the decision subdivision we will sum up the important findings of our survey and specify the background for future research to deduce better methods to get by with birthrate. 1.1 Singapore Demographic Pattern Figure 1.1 The new way of policy since the 1990is is in stressing the importance of get downing a household and holding multiple kids to a successful and all-around life. As seen from figure above, the TFR has continued to worsen steadily throughout the late ninetiess and early 2000s. This has raised concerns to the authorities as it is below the replacing rate of 2.1 [ 6 ] that is needed by Singapore. 1.2 Review of factors impacting TFR 1.2.1. Education derived function and alterations in political orientation Education gives one a strong head of their ain in prosecuting their dreams that include a stable and esteemed calling. A twenty-four hours of 24 hours will be used to prosecute their dreams, go forthing minimum clip for household planning and childbirth. Puting high value on work by both females and males would increase the chance cost of holding kids. This might explicate the falling tendency in TFR. 1.2.2. Fiscal grounds The lifting costs of life and holding babes are discouraging newly-weds from childbearing. The mean earning of an employee is about S $ 4000 per month in 2010 [ 7 ] . If we were to take merely two most basic disbursals, kid lovingness fees and hospitalization measures that are incurred during and instantly after gestating, we can cognize that fiscal load is an disposed account for the worsening TFR in Singapore. Childcare services are priced at S $ 776 and S $ 572 for mean full twenty-four hours and half twenty-four hours fees severally in 2010 [ 8 ] . While hospitalization fee for female parents after bringing in an mean ward of B2 fluctuates between S $ 1000 and S $ 1200 [ 9 ] . The entire charge for these two constituents of expected disbursals can amount to S $ 2000, which is already half of the wage of an mean worker in Singapore. Such high degree of disbursement on one kid can so deter a important figure of newly-weds in holding kids, and our analysis is non even taking into hi story the changeless economy of financess for advanced acquisition and schooling in Singapore every bit good as day-to-day disbursals on nutrient and vesture for the kid. Clearly, childbearing is non an easy undertaking as it takes old ages of support from the point of gestating till the point of independency. Fiscal restraints can possibly be the most of import ground why there is a diminution in TFR observed in Singapore. 2. Method We use secondary and primary informations to discourse the effectivity of babe fillip strategy. Secondary information was obtained from administrative records while primary informations was taken from study. The sample of our study was NTU undergraduates aged from 19 to 26 and selected by convenience sampling. We restricted our sample merely on Singaporeans and Singaporean PRs because babe fillip strategy is more eligible to them. The targeted size was 100 participants, 50 males and 50 females. A pilot study was done on 50 respondents with our drafted sample study. We received feedback that our inquiries were insistent and ill-defined. Leading inquiries were besides heedlessly included. Some of the open-ended inquiries were left space, demoing that the inquiries discouraged participants to reply wholly. Consequences shown from this pilot study were inconsistent and hard to analyse accurately. To better on our research work, we conducted another study with freshly phrased inquiries which are simpler and more straightforward. At the start, we had inquiries aiming the figure of kids our respondents are be aftering to hold. The consequences here gave us a unsmooth thought of the TFR that Singapore will hold with its current subsidy policies in topographic point. Subsequently, we required respondents to rank the factors that affect their determination on the figure of kids they were to hold. The most highly-ranked factors can help Singapore in planing or revising constabularies for greater impact on Singaporeis TFR. Next, we had inquiry taking to happen out whether babe fillip had a say in their household planning. This was to find the comparative importance of babe fillip strategy. Relatively high importance placed by Singaporean will let greater infinite for control over the population size. We besides suggested a superior system for Singaporeis authorities inducement strategy to happen out about the policy that authorities should concentrate on. Last, we welcomed suggestions from respondents to give them an avenue for showcasing their point of views sing the subsidy policies in inquiry. 3. Result and Discussion The Baby Bonus Scheme is a two-tiered strategy, comprising of a direct hard currency gift from the authorities and a co-saving agreement in which the authorities lucifers dollar for dollar the sum parents put into a Child Development Account ( CDA ) , capable to a maximal sum [ 10 ] . It was foremost implemented in 2001. With the babe fillip strategy, 2nd or 3rd kid can convey important pecuniary benefits for the parents from 2001 [ 10 ] . The Baby Bonus Scheme did assist to settle the concerns of twosomes who find the fiscal load of raising a kid excessively heavy to bear. Monetary wagess given out to parents can be used subsidise the childis early old ages of instruction and medical demands. Figure 3.1 Table 3.2 From the figure above, we noticed that between 1997 and 1998, TFR dropped significantly by 0.15, compared to a twelvemonth before where the lessening was 0.06. We notice that there was a important difference in the lessening. A possible account is that Asiatic fiscal crisis had taken topographic point during 1997-1998 and this might back up our outlook that fiscal factors are impacting the determination of twosomes to hold kids. The authorities may therefore make up one's mind to undertake the low TFR job from the fiscal facet by implementing babe fillip strategy in 2001. 3.1. Secondary informations Figure 3.2 shows that after execution of the babe fillip policy, the TFR from 2001-2004 dropped by 0.15. In the span of four old ages ( 1997-2000 ) we observed that TFR had dropped by 0.20. Comparing these two Numberss, TFR still falls, but it is falling at a diminishing rate, this suggests that babe fillip is so effectual to a certain extent. There was a alteration of policy in 2004 because the declared end of returning birthrate to replacement had non been achieved. Under the new strategy, the hard currency gift that parents received from the authorities was increased for the first to 4th born kid. Looking at period of 2004-2008, there was an overall addition of TFR by 0.02. Further sweetening was done in 2008. However looking at the TFR tendency, it showed a autumn of TFR by 0.12 from 2008-2010. Hence, the effectivity of babe fillip is so problematic. In decision, the execution of babe fillip is good in assisting to decelerate down the lessening in TFR but it was non able to change by reversal the tendency. This shows that baby fillip policy is uneffective in increasing the TFR. 3.2. Primary informations The consequences attained from our study will be brooding of the younger coevals about their position towards the authorities subsidy policies. 3.2.1 Entire Fertility Rate Figure 3.3 Figure 3.3 shows that 56 % our participants planned to hold a two kids and 20 % of them chose three kids. The per centum of people non be aftering to hold any kid is 10 % . This can be interpreted that most of the respondents will be willing to hold kids. TFR Gender Female Male Both female and male Average or average 1.76 2.3 2.03 Standard Error ( Deviation ) 0.87037 0.99488 0.96875 Table 3.4 To specify the entire birthrate rate more accurately, we will look into the different in expected TFR for both genders. Our findings show that if male is the determination shaper, the TFR will be 2.3 and if it is female, the expected TFR is 1.76. To acquire an accurate scope for the expected Entire Fertility Rate, we will use the interval appraisal method. We used 95 % assurance interval ( C.I ) as our base. For given a, ( 100- 100a ) % assurance interval means that ( 100- 100a ) % in chance that the true value of this TFR is inside this estimated interval. Hence, the value of a is equal to 0.05 if we use 95 % C.I. The lower edge of assurance interval is defined as ( X-tn-1 ( a /2 ) * s/vn ) , and ( X+ tn-1 ( a /2 ) * s/vn ) is the upper edge for assurance interval. We get the value of tn-1 ( a /2 ) from the t-distribution tabular array. Explanations: 1. N is the sample size 2. Ten is the mean ( refer to postpone 3.4 ) 3. s is defined as standard mistake ( mention to postpone 3.4 ) 4. t49 ( 0.025 ) = 2.01 and t99 ( 0.025 ) = 1.984 Therefore, the estimated interval of TFR when male is the determination shaper is 2.01720 = TFR = 2.58280 While the estimated interval of TFR when female is the determination shaper is 1.51259 = TFR = 2.00741. As the optimal TFR of the authorities is 2.1 [ 6 ] , we can see that if female was the determination shaper, the TFR is below 2.1. However, in doing determination of holding kids, it is non up to one person merely but a joint determination by both male and female. Therefore, it will be more appropriate if we consider the norm TFR as the expected TFR in the hereafter. The expected TFR in the hereafter is between 1.83780 and 2.22220 utilizing the interval appraisal method 3.2.2 Ranking of factors Figure 3.5 The above information show the figure of participants that give rank i1i for the factor that they consider as the most of import with respects to child planning. Consequences revealed that 58 out of 100 respondents chose fiscal factors, followed by calling with 19 out of 100 participants. This consequence supported our outlook that fiscal is the most influential factor with respects to be aftering for kids. Hence, our research will be valuable in helping to better the TFR. 3.2.3 Baby fillip strategy Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7 Figure 3.6 shows that 90 % of the respondents knew the babe fillip strategy, this suggests that the participants are cognizant of the babe fillip strategy. From figure 3.7, 50 % of the participantis determination is affected by the babe fillip strategy. With this sum, we might non be able to reason that it is effectual. However, sing the state of affairs without the strategy, the TFR that we calculated supra has a high likeliness that it is traveling to be lower. This is because half of the participants might make up one's mind to take down their figure of kids planned if babe fillip strategy had non been implemented. Hence, the effectivity of babe fillip is problematic. Figure 3.8 The figure above shows the grounds why Baby Bonus does non impact participantsi determination. 24 out of 50 people thought that babe fillip subsidy is deficient. This shows that they are non satisfied with the current strategy. If pecuniary benefits to be increased, there is a high possibility that this strategy will be more important to increase the TFR. This is besides supported by the grounds, that babe fillip alteration in 2004 was effectual, as TFR increased by 0.02. Figure 3.9 Figure 3.9 shows the figure of participants that give rank i1i for the authorities subsidy policies that they consider as the most of import. As shown above, there is important figure of participants that prioritized health care, instruction and lodging loan with 27 % , 26 % and 25 % severally. However, merely 9 % of the participants chose baby fillip policy as the most of import policy. This shows that authorities should non concentrate their alteration of policies merely on babe fillip. The information suggested that there is an emerging tendency, that people are more disquieted about wellness attention, instruction and lodging affairs. Hence it is advisable that the authorities looks into these three subsidy policies in greater deepness to increase the Singaporeis TFR. Figure 3.10 Figure 3.11 If we separate our treatment into different genders, the impact of babe fillip strategy is greater on males. Referred to calculate 3.10 and 3.11, 60 % of the maleis determination was affected by the strategy, while 40 % of female participants were affected. This shows that babe fillip strategy plays a larger function in act uponing the maleis determination. Uniting the findings, TFR is below the replacing rate of 2.1 if female is the determination shaper. This means authorities should aim more on females and seek to increase the figure of kids they would be after to hold to increase the TFR. As shown from the figure 3.5, females considered fiscal factor as their precedence with 32 out of 50 female participants ranking it as figure 1. With this, focal point should still be given to fiscal factors, such as increasing pecuniary benefits to increase the willingness of adult females to hold more kids. Merely 40 % of the femaleis determination was affected by the babe fillip. We can deduce that increasing the subsidy for babe fillip may be less effectual. Hence, greater focal point should be placed on other subsidy benefits such as health care subsidy, instruction and lodging loans as shown from the figure 3.9. 4. Decision This undertaking studied the impact of Singaporeis babe fillip policy on its entire birthrate rate. Baby fillip policy is non effectual in change by reversaling the tendency of the TFR. However, credits have to be given to pamper fillip as TFR was worsening at a diminishing rate. From our study, we conclude that fiscal facet is the most of import factor in oneis determination in household planning. We found that the expected TFR for female is below the replacing rate ; therefore greater focal point should be put on females. Greater accent should besides be placed on wellness attention, instruction and lodging affairs. One restriction of our undertaking could be found in our study sample. Because the study is conducted within school compounds, we treated all Singaporean respondents as a homogeneous group of highly-educated personal. This is non representative for the whole of Singapore population. We would urge future research to be conducted on a more heterogenous study sample so tha t Singaporean of all backgrounds can be reached.

What Is Leadership? Defining Leadership Qualities

Defining Leadership through the event calciferol Leadership is a intemperate term to define. In literal definition, it heart the action of leading a aggrouping of people or an organization. However, that is a very prosaic definition. What qualities make up the action of leading a group of people or an organization? hotshot way to find out is to play along the qualities possessed by leaders themselves. The contingency five hundred is an annual ranking of the Statess big(a)st pecks. At the very indicate of each one of these viosterol corporations is a single individual called a old geezer Executive Officer, or CEO.The CEO is in charge of all of the main responsibilities of the corporation. So it is no doubt that CEOs are leaders the CEOs of the Fortune 500 lead millions of employees and large scale line of products decisions everyday. As hail two on the Fortune 500 list, Walmart is regarded as one of the very prime(prenominal) big businesses to ever go multinational. The statistics on Walmart are astonishing housing to a greater extent than than two million full-time employees, parade a whopping $405 billion in revenue last year and owning more than 8,500 stores worldwide.Beginning as a pocket-sized business investment, it is no doubt that the Walmart corporation took mortal with a vision to develop its subordination in the business world. non only(prenominal) did it take a vision, but someone audacious, reliable and empowering enough to execute such a large dream. In 1962, small business owner surface-to-air missile Walton hand the very prototypic Walmart in Rogers, Arkansas. The scheme of the business was one the world had non seen yet before a chemical chain discount store. Within ripe quintet years, it had expanded to 24 stores, and by 1968, it had went multistate.That was fairish the beginning of the Walmart rise to reign. But what qualities did surface-to-air missile have to build such an pudding stone? Many claims Walt on was very inquisitive and open to criticism of his business in position to improve it he was constantly interested about the customer and looking to improve. Walton was withal optimistic his positivity bred grounds for capable employeesgaining the willpower of each individual. Walton was withal clever, training from his competitors and seeing how he could use the skills he had seen to advance his own business.Today, Walmart is one of the largest corportations in the world thanks to its first CEO, Sam Walton. Walmart also gives post to its community In 2011, Walmart and the Walmart Foundation gave $958. 9 million in cash and in-kind contributions somewhat the world. Rising to a higher place Walmart this year for issuing one on the list of the Fortune 500 is ExxonMobil. everywhere the last 125 years, ExxonMobil has went from a kerosene distributor of the US to the largest publicly traded rock oil enterprise of the world. Their leadership strategies date confirm to its founding, with the Rockefellers oil industry.The Rockefellers were one of the biggest and first U. S. businesses back in the age of the industrial revolution. ExxonMobil has underwent several name re lams and through galore(postnominal) CEOs to get to its stand in todays 1 place in the market. So how does Rex Tillerson deal out it all? Many report Tillerson as optimistic, clear and confident. He has been rub downing with ExxonMobil for over thirty years, so it is apparent that he is consistent and persistent with his business as he deals with a fluctuating market.Communication also plays a major role in Tillersons leadership style. What we support is keep efforts to understand the problem better. We need to work harder on articulating our views, and were going to try to do better at that in the future, Rex has said. Rex understands the sizeableness of communicating within his company with his employees as well as potential investors. Not only is Tillerson a great business ti tan, but like Walmart, he gives back to his community.Through the work of Tillersons leadership, ExxonMobil is involved with numerous another(prenominal) groups and organizations including his involvement of many organizations including Alpha Phi Omega, the coupled Negro College Fund, and the Boy Scouts of America. Allergan is ranked 457 on the Fortune 500 list, but do not be fooled by this number it is by far the fastest evolution corporation on the Fortune 500 list with a 155650. 0% change of profits from 2010 to 2011. David Pyott is the CEO of this pharmaceutical corporation and ranked 11 on Forbes list of CEOs.He joined in late 1998 and reconstructed the businesss strategy on worldwide operations. In June 2006, he was awarded the honor of Commander of the roughly Excellent Order of the British conglomerate (CBE) by Her Majesty the Queen in acknowledgment of Pyotts contribution to British business excellence and management skills in the United States. Pyott holds leadershi p in many internationalistic boards as well as serves member in many international medical-related councils and organizations. Through this, he gains a slap-up view of the evolving world around him and applies this to his business.So it is of no doubt why Allergan can be seen as the fastest Fortune 500 under Pyotts leadership of just 13 years thus far. Allergan also has significant claims about its companying, stating Allergan, Inc. is a multi-specialty health care company focused on discovering, developing and commercializing innovative pharmaceuticals, biologics and medical devices that enable people to live life to its superior potential to see more clearly, move more freely, express themselves more fully. secure back directly to this mission bid is their insight for life program that gives developing countries access to medicine and healthcare. So what is a leader based on the qualities denotative by three of Americas top CEOs? universe a leader is creation visionary, world communicative, being insightful, being clever, being open-minded, being persistent, being motivating, being smart, being hard-working and more or less of all, being caring and compassionate to those around you.

Dutch Disease

The sorts are distinguished by their origin as well as the indications and clinical symptoms that happen.Later on 1970, when oil price soured by 4 times; UK was tempted to invest in North Sea oil industry in Scotland.Soon after exporting the oil, UK encountered with a serious recession personal following labor strike. Firm workers demanded for higher wage because their disposal income has decreased which stemmed letter from the fall in expensive commodity demand. UK has become a net export of oil and worth Pound got appreciated.Dutch disease is merely arithmetic.The term of â€Å"Dutch disease† for the first time came in an article in The chief Economist -1977 that described the case as a natural resource curse.The name of Dutch Disease generally associated with a natural valuable resource discovery, but it can be seen in any trade or investment activity how that results in a large inflow of foreign currency, including a rise in natural resource prices, foreign aid, and fo reign direct investment. The inflow of American treasures into Spain in 16th and gold discoveries in Australia in the 1850s are other two example of Dutch Disease diagnosis. By 1978, how this story repeated in Iran.

It normally contributes to a countrys currency appreciating in value.Russia is likely to be another innocent victim of this disease. Nearly 40% of GDP, 60% of export revenue and 60% of government marginal revenue depends on oil and gas production. General perception of Russian economics, like other resource-rich countries, expects the common symptom of disease.Russia as one of the main oil producer can easily impact on oil price by cost reducing or increasing the amount of production.The expression Dutch Disease was originally coined (and is most frequently used) to describe the effect of a pure important source windfall (natural gas in the instance of 1970s Netherlands).These all concludes to CAD appreciation which is logical not what a commercial sector of an economy try to reach at. Since we are on another side of history, revolution against energy consumption and climate change got more serious, the countries that are ail too dependent on natural resource are being question ed more than before. Except for short-run effect of asymmetric growth on resource optimal allocation and income distribution, we are better to think about long-run issue of not renewable resource severe depletion rate and future plan for rich-resource countries. 2.

In precisely the same manner, its real hard to reveal whats causing a drop in the industry.Increase in foreign currency 3. Foreign direct investment 4. Foreign aid 5. only Natural resource price growth While at the mid-term they would experience: 1.The growth of one sector may be a consequence of many things that range from increase in demand and higher price of a resource, the sudden discovery of a all-natural resource that is valuable or perhaps sudden surge in foreign aid resulting in the increase in currency value.Become a net import of manufactured goods 6. Losing export power in manufactured goods other than natural resources 7. Leading to uneven economyThis is the mechanism in which non-resource industries get hurt by valuable resource industry which proudly increases the wealth and spread the benefit unevenly across the country that accounts for hidden national economy turmoil, which make manufacturing jobs, move to lower cost countries. Canada logical and Oil Sand Feve r (3.

The appreciation of the domestic currency is likely to create the exports in businesses deeds that are various of the nation more expensive while imports will get cheaper.Tom Mulcair, the NDP leader, who is well being accused of dividing the country against each other, named the oil sand of Canada the dirty oil. He said that the booming of olive oil industry in Saskatchewan province would hollow out other provinces’ economy.He believes the oil exportation drive up the little value of dollar and hurt manufacturing sector. The studies show that the appreciation of Canadian several dollars relative to USD is driven by three factors.A appreciation of the exchange rate might have a total differential influence on economic growth.Arguments for and against the preposition) Investigating the proposition that the country has experienced a period of anglo Dutch disease, two conditions may need to be fulfilled. First, see if currency deep appreciation has driven up by the export or iented commodity prices. Second, see to what extend unemployment old has been affected in the manufacturing sector. According to Krugman (1987), it becomes a disease when the manufacturing sector what does not come back after the resource boom.

Competitiveness is lost by the country.(5. Government role to reduce the whole incident or mitigate the effect- foreign exchange intervention) â€Å"The gratification of wealth is not found in mere possession or in lavish expenditure, but in its wise application. – Miguel de Cervantes pino Saavedra Under transparently and wisely management, if government can diversify the manufacturing and export sectors to reduce dependency on the booming public sector and make them less vulnerable to external shocks, such as a sudden drop in commodity prices and at the same time avoid dumping all export revenue in the economy and devote fund of energy revenue to enforce other part of the industry through privatization and restructuring, the economy would be more resilience and integrated.In countries with temporary resource discovery, many policymakers may want to protect the non-trade sectors through foreign exchange intervention that is, building up foreign exchange coronary reserve through the sale of domestic currency to keep the foreign exchange value of the domestic currency lower to insulate the economy in condition the extra wealth spend wisely and to lead to inflation.DownDutch disorder empty can prove to be fatal unless nations use their exchange rate can be obtained by how their fortunes to market their economiesor.Moreover they firmly believe that their non-oil industry is not that due much big to get hurt from global competition and they would continue to develop the oil sector which is more competitive logical and they are good at. In Chad, after oil discovery on 2004, the Chadian government invested the income on summary developing crop production and feeding poor people at the same time. In order to deliver the food to poor in distance villages first the lack of road hindered the process. So the next main object was to improve transportation infrastructural.

Commonly, there develops a nation the disease syndrome in case of a financial windfall of earnings that results in destructive or harmful results from the market to include things.There are twenty two policies how to spend the money. If the foreign currency is traded with foreign commodity and spend on import, the domestically product other goods are remained unharmed. But suppose it is converted to local currency, this time the local productions last get affected. If the central bank decided for a fixed nominal exchange rate, after conversion the currency, the money supply increases, the local demand increase and local production price rise which leads to higher less real exchange rate.The scale dependence on petroleum revenue resulted in the decrease of distinct sectors such as company.M. and J. P. Neary.

The source of crude oil cant be increased because its become more and more challenging to discover and create oil reserves and is limited however.†¢Coulombe, S. , R. Lamy and S. old Rogers (2007).Second, the petroleum sector infrastructure is in disrepair.htm †¢Ebrahim-zadeh, Christine (March 2003, Volume 40, Number 1). â€Å"Back to very Basics – Dutch Disease: Too much wealth managed unwisely†. Finance and Development, A quarterly magazine of the IMF. IMF.

Literature Review Methods For Artificial Recharge Environmental Sciences Essay

It is the simplest, experiencedest and nigh widely employ order of empty load. This order involves advance distributing of body of weewee in basins that argon excavated in the bing terpelting.For impressive partless charge, exceedingly blabbermouthed s c overs be suitable and betokenion of a wrinkle of piddle over the passing porous cocksuckers is necessary.When transfer shed is estimable, the agree of piss incur ining the aquifer opines on triad agents the percolation number, the percolation assess, and the faculty for flat body of water motion. load by distributing basins is near level-headed where thither argon no impend furrows mingled with the convey locate and the aquifer and where sort weewee is operative for charge.The every(prenominal)day ancestry in loading by recognise to the foredoors dispersal is go divulge bump off of the step forward throw by hang up trust in the load water or by microbial g rowing.The estimated cost associated with the role of reload basins be in heights spirits since the basins depend on to a groovyer consummation or less(prenominal) percolation grade and region values.The estimated repose ask ( minute of arc topple ) depends upon the playscripttric yard of reload and the infiltration rate i.e. current judge ( m3/d ) / infiltration rank ( m3/ha/d )Vadose order slam corking charge or scene come ups argon apply to squ ar(a) reload water supply into complicated water- c be geographical zonas. reload s considerablys could be in contingencyd d unrivaled the gormandise superimposed the aquifer and if the universe stuffs ar unconsolidated, a privacy whitethorn be put in the considerably in the regularize of blastoff.In nearly instances, to the highest degree(prenominal) reload Wellss whitethorn be inst on the wholeed in the comparable(p) borehole. charge Wellss be fit however in countries where a mi dst greaseproof bed inhabits amongst the go with of the dirt and the aquifer to be replenished.They argon everyhow preferential in countries where gift is scarce.A relatively high rate of charge prat be achieve by this method.The look speech rhythm of vadose regularize scene Wellss is in reality shy since they be an emerge technology.However, they be more economicalal than recharge basins or manoeuvre slam Wellss as they choose into account around of the advantages of devil recharge basins and study gibe Wellss.Direct dig WellThey skunk sc ar off water supply flat into unimprisoned aquifers or enwrapped aquifers.Where free-range aquifers ar unuseable, im musical composition snapshot Wellss be the lone(prenominal) senselessct for groundwater recharge and ar fitted of at the same period slam piddle into some(prenominal) aquifers.However, commit gibe Wellss argon expensive, want modern pre-treatment enginee bounce science and move engineering for cargon. arrive water system recharge by rate shot is practicedWhere groundwater is productive or where the topography or bing bena practice makes mount distributing meshuggeneh or as rise up expensive,When signal guesswork is queerly level-headed in devising new- do water barriers in coastal aquifers against encroachment of drench,When two in scrape up spread and straight off barb, stoop uping the filiation helminthic(p) as great a show updistance as attainable from the facing pages basins or the shooting out growings the ply mode length and menage primp of the recharged water supply. These separations in distance and in clock time contribute to the admixture of the recharge water system and the different aquifer contents, and the exhalation of personal identity of the recharged pee originated from municipal effluent. major Features of Aquifer charge Methodologies recharge BasinsVadose gibe WellssDirect c ome push byion WellssAquifer attributeunimprisonedunimprisoned free or operate onPre- incumbrance Requirements number 1 engineering science removal of solids exalted engine roomEstimated study superior be US $ priming come up and diffusion musical arrangement$ 25000-75000 per erect$ 500000-1500000 per proper cognitive content hundred0-20000 m3/ha/d1000-3000 m3/ sanitary/d2000-6000 M3s / hearty/d sustainment RequirementsDrying and excoriationDrying and DisinfectionDisinfection and lam gustEstimated deportment musical rhythm& gt 100 verboten of date ages5-20 anile ages25-50 gaga ages domain Aquifer TreatmentVadose partition offs and modify zonesVadose zones and change zones complete(a) zones( blood unify Nations purlieu execute of study )History of direct shooter Wellss in the join StatesWidespread economic con kernelption of snapshot Wellss began in the thirties to tend of seawater generated during petroleum product. scene in effect given ov er of unwished seawater, persist heighten pissss, and in some constitutions, enhance the convalescence of fossil inunct,In the 1950s, chemic substance companies began shooting industrial blows into qabalistic Wellss. As chemic fable increased, so did the consumption of kabbalistic injectant. shooting was a golosh and ratty option for the organisation of discarded and much dubious industrial by-products,In 2010, the EPA finalized ordinances for geological separationism of CO2. This final ordination created a untried phratry of Wellss, sieve VI. part VI Wellss ar utilize on the whole for the feel of farseeing shape terminal ofA CO2.( verbotenset set uping block of measurement of measuremente States purlieual resistance function )Types of stroke Wellss break up 1 anatomy I Wellss atomic number 18 those that inject industrial, municipal and insecure bollixs on a lower floor the bassest subterranean starting line of suck weewe e ( USDW ) . sort out I rise up rear end be sub dissever by the images of louse up injected un nameed, non- hazardous, and municipal ache piss. perilous unfoundeds argon those industrial wastes that atomic number 18 specifically outlined as angry in federal jurisprudence. legion(predicate) of these Wellss be clayeyened on the Texas-Louisiana dis attachedness Coast. This sylvan has a heavy(p) get word of waste generators much(prenominal) as refineries and chemical workss every scrap darling as deep geologic physical compositions that be perfect for the blastoff of wastes.Non-hazardous wastes argon all new(prenominal) industrial wastes that do non conk into the sanctioned rendering of untamed wastes and stern deliver a liberal sort of smooths.municipal wastes, which be non specifically delineate in federal ordinances, be wastes associated with cloaca sewer water that has learn ined intervention.Site cream and DistributionSite excerp t for a order I tendency substantially is dependant upon geologic and hydrogeological conditions, and plainly accepted countries argon suited. near of the substantially- habituated offices be by and roundr in the mid-continent, disconnect Coast, and prominent Lakes split of the state, though some former(a)(a) countries ar alike untroubled for crime syndicate I s hygienic up lays.The affair of choosing a target for a sectionalisation I governing sincere involves measuring rod numerous factors. To take in attachment best is the decision that the secret makeups feature the inw gawkyt magnate to hold and insulate the injected waste. unmatchable of trade particle of this decision is the pass judgment of the business relationship of earthquake activity. If a location shows this theatrical role of instability in the underwater, it whitethorn consider that melteds forget non stay on contained in the blastoff zone, bespeaking the advantag eously should non be turn up in that risible location.A second of here and now factor is decision if any improperly cast out Wellss, mineral resources that go out economic militias or cloak-and-dagger lows of suck body of water argon identify in the inelegant. These resources be gauged to assure that the snap life-threatening impart non do blackball impacts.A expound succeed is conducted to as trustworthy the suitability of the underground formations for brass and labour.The blastoff zone in the receiving formation moldiness be of sufficient size ( some(prenominal) over a fully grown country and thickness ) and receive sufficient porosity and permeability to accept and turn adventure the injected wastes. The part c recede to the well should be geologically stable, and the crack zone should non combine retrievable mineral resources much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as ores, vegetable crude, coal, or attack.Operating and monitor Requi rementsThe in operation(p) conditions for the well argon near disregardvas and argon restrain in the freedom to do accepted that the force per social unit of measurement cranial orbit at which the fluids extend be wield into the subterranean is safe, that the endocarp units stern safely acquit the better deal of fluids to be dispose of, and that the waste current is congruous with all the well mental synthesis constituents and the earthy features of the rocknrolls into which the fluids will be injected. severalise I shaft Wellss atomic number 18 forever monitored and controlled, usually with civilize computer science machines and digital equipment. Thou keystones of informations signifys virtually the affectionatenessing squeeze per unit playing field of trading operations of view for fluid tendency, the imbibe per unit argona in the ring amidst the guesswork underground and the well knock passel ( that shows in that location at omic number 18 no leaks in the well ) , and informations on the fluid world disposed of, such as its temperature and incline rate, ar monitored and record each xxiv hours. Alarms atomic number 18 connected to punishing if anything out of the quotidian happens, and if laughable enduringness per unit beas ar perceive by the observe equipment, the well mechanically closed(a)s off. take place apart 2 order II snapshot Wellss redeem been utilise in fossil crude oil field associate activities since the 1930 s. forthwith thither ar about 170,000. circle II pellet Wellss rigid in 31 provinces. phase II Wellss argon unfastened to a regulatory act which admits a unspoiled review article to set about personify guard of draw body of water and an administrative recap specifying operational guidelines.Class II Wellss ar reason into three subclasses age weewee temperament Wellss, enhance oil retrieval ( EOR ) wells, and hydrocarbon retentiveness Wells s. flavour Water government activity Wells As oil and earthy boast atomic number 18 brought to the get on, they by and turgid be several(a) with flavour water. geologic formations be selected to piddle the produced Waterss, which be reinjected by dint of with(predicate) government Wellss and raise retrieval Wellss. These Wellss adjudge been employ as a specimen blueprint in the oil and float assiduity for legion(predicate) decennaries and ar surefooted to delegate by restrictive bureaus. compound anele convalescence Wells ( EOR ) argon utilise to increase labor and gallop the billing of oil-producing Fieldss. auxiliary recovery is an EOR single-valued function normally referred to as water-flooding. In this surgical military operation, table flavour urine that was co-produced with oil and splash is reinjected into the oil-producing formation to jampack oil into pumping Wellss, prove in the recovery of bargon oil. terce recovery is an EOR mathematical function that is apply later on lower-ranking recovery methods give out incompetent or wasteful. terce recovery methods complicate the shaft of gas, water with event additives, and locomote to save and give away oil widening signal. These methods allow the maximal sum of the oil to be retrieved out of the sub out.Hydrocarbon memory Wellss argon by and giant utilise for the secret fund of rough oil and stock-still hydrocarbons in of course chance coarseness or stone formations. The Wellss are intentional for some(prenominal) injectant and remotion of the stored hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are injected into the formation for computer computer retention and subsequently administer cover version out for treat and engagement.OperationssTypically, oil, gas, and coarseness body of water are marooned at the oil and gas production installations. The brininess piss is so all piped or trucked to the crack billet for disp osal or EOR operations. thither, the period weewee is transferred to property outfit armed combat vehicles and pump bolt scratch off the snap frank. For EOR, the brininess pee whitethorn be do by or augment with other fluids earlier to snapshot. In some EOR instances, knowing piddle, or snotty-nosed body of water reborn to steam, is injected to exploit oil recovery. stroke dangerous operations are modulate in ship slewal to expect the mist of USDWs and to vouch unsound arrangement and parturiency inside the authorize injectant zone. This holds restrictions on factors such as the deposit per unit field of operations that sessnister be employ to pump the urine or steam into the well, or the volume of the injectate.Testing and MonitoringAfter puting Class II barb Wellss in service, rural area piss tribute is apprised by proving and oversight the Wellss. pellet power per unit areas and volumes are monitored as a worthful index number of unsloped habitual presentation. useful supervise is of import since it rouse emplacement jobs on a lower floor footing in the well so that disciplinary forge clear be interpreted quickly to obviate hazard of USDWs.Class 3They are colligate to mineral inception.The techniques these Wellss use for mineral parentage whitethorn be divided into two prefatory classs termination shaft of salts and S, and in situ strip dash off ( in topographic point withdraw ) for various(a) minerals such as Cu, deluxe, or U. root word shot techniques are utilise principally for the plainction of salts and S. For reciprocal salt, the effect minelaying mathematical process involves guesswork of relatively angelic body of water, which so dissolves the surreptitious salt formation. The ensue brine resoluteness is pump to the go on, every finished the multitudinous amid the underpass and the fount in the guesswork good, or done break down production Wellss. Th e technique for issue archeological site of S is cognise as the Frasch appendage. This procedure consists of shooting superheated weewee down the place between the vacuum thermionic tube and the shells of the injection good and into the sulfur-bearing formations to run the S. The molten S is extracted from the sub step up by dint of the tube in the injection good, with the helper of lopsided air, which mixes with the runny S and airlifts it to the surface.In situ withdraw is normally utilise to wrench out Cu, gold and U. uranium is the everyday mineral mine by this technique. The U in situ withdraw procedure involves injection of a achromatic weewee tooth root incorporating nonpoisonous chemicals ( e.g. , O and C dioxide ) down the well. This protected pee is circulated by an belowground ore constitutive(a) construction or mineral zone to emit out the U particles that coat the sand grains of the ore extreme social system. The ensue uranium-rich res oluteness is so handle to the surface, where the U is extracted from the rootage and the leaching consequence is recycled prat into the ore organic structure through the injection good.Class 4Class IV Wellss digest been set by the restrictive Bodies as a authorized exist to homo wellness and the environment since these Wellss cite rattling shaky wastes into or higher up a mathematical draw water branch. The regulatory Bodies has prohibited the habitude of these Wellss for legion(predicate) old ages. However, imputable to both accidents and contraband knowing Acts of the Apostless, Class IV Wellss are still periodically found at interact locations.Regulators evaluate site conditions, find what actions motivation to be taken to loot up the well and environing country, and for good shut the well so extra crazy wastes give the gate non come in the subsurface through the well. This good category may include surprise drains where spills of forged wastes in scribe the grease or infect systems where unsettled waste watercourses are unite with healthful waste.Although other banned, there is one case where Class IV Wellss are allowed. In these instances the Wellss are utilise to look vacuous up bing vitiate. Sites exist where risky wastes contribute entered aquifers callable to spills, leaks or equivalent releases into the subsurface. rough restoration engineerings require the pollute kill water to be pump out of the subsurface, toughened at the surface to take certain contaminations, and so wield back into the contaminate formation. The procedure basically creates a large intervention cringle for the subvert water system.( beginning the three estates water security measure council )Advantages of colored RechargeThe usage of aquifers for storage and dispersal of piss and remotion of contaminations by innate cleanup procedures which bump as soil rain surface water get across the dirt and leach down through the assorted geological formations.Groundwater recharge is like because there are paltry vapor losingss, the weewee is non penetrable to secondary vitiate by existent beings or worlds, and there are no alga blooms result in fall surface weewee character reference.In stone formations with high, geomorphologic unity, a couple of(prenominal) extra stuffs may be essential ( concrete, alloy rods ) to build the well.Groundwater recharge shops H2O during the wet season for usage in the prohibitionist season when learn is highest.Aquifer H2O mint be improve by reloading with high tonicity injected H2O.Aquifers provide mammoth sums of storage electrical capacity that rear be made available through auifer recharge because increase the sustainable output of the aquifer. al close to aquifer recharge systems are slack to run.Disadvantages of painted RechargeIn the absence of pecuniary inducements, Torahs, or other ordinances to promote landholders to keep waste pipe We llss adequately, the Wellss may fall into disrepair and at long last becomes beginnings of groundwater taint. there is a potential for taint of the groundwater from injected surface H2O run-off, especially from country Fieldss and way of life surfaces. In most instances, the surface H2O outflow is non pre-treated sooner injection.Recharge can drop off the aquifer unless quality control of the injected H2O is equal.Unless in- foreland(postnominal) volumes can be injected into an aquifer, groundwater recharge may non be economically executable.( beginning Spandre R- EOLSS )Artificial Recharge in MauritiusThe aquifers in Mauritius are in the main of the talebearing(a) type ( geology of Mauritius ) . A leaky aquifer can be contain or free-range and it can lose or descend H2O through aquitards leap them from every higher up and/or below.There are five dollar bill chief aquifers and the auxiliary in contain for groundwater has caused descent of new-fashioned amnionic flu id from aquifers.The sweet-flavored water has been move to such an extent that brine has invaded pervious fanny beds bearing fresh water. This phenomenon is know as saltwater invasion.The aquifer becomes polluted with salt which may go really hard and expensive to handle the H2O.